ABSTRACT
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) affects approximately 10%-20% of adults and is associated with obesity, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Aim: To assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with OSAS in Chilean adults. Material and Methods: A standardized sleep questionnaire and respiratory polygraphy at home were conducted on adults aged 18 years or more, residing in the Metropolitan Region and enrolled in the 2016/17 National Health Survey. Results: Two-hundred and five people between 18 and 84 years old (46% men, mean age 50 years) underwent overnight respiratory polygraphy at home. The estimated obstructive sleep apnea prevalence was 49% (62% men, 31% women) considering an apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 5 respiratory events/hour, and 16% (21% men, 13% women) considering an apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15 respiratory events/hour. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea continuously increased along with age for men and women, with a later onset for women. Age, gender, body mass index, cervical and waist circumference, snoring, reporting of apnea by proxies, self-reported cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, were significantly associated with OSAS. No association was found with insomnia and daytime sleepiness. Conclusions: The prevalence and risk factors associated to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were high among these adults.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Health SurveysABSTRACT
Resumen: Hace tres décadas se propuso el término Apparent Life-Threatening Events (ALTE), siendo incorpo rado paulatinamente en el enfrentamiento clínico de estos pacientes; permitiendo determinar riesgos, atribuir causas y realizar tratamientos específicos. Sin embargo, llevó a realizar estudios y hospitalizaciones en muchas instancias considerados innecesarios, generando un aumento de los costos sanitarios. Por estos motivos nace el concepto de Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (BRUE), que pretende disminuir la subjetividad del evento y focalizar una estrategia de manejo según determina ción del riesgo. En el siguiente artículo se analizan diferencias entre ALTE y BRUE según consensos internacionales y chilenos, profundizando en el enfrentamiento e incorporando consideraciones de relevancia para la práctica clínica cotidiana de lactantes que presentan un BRUE.
Abstract: Three decades ago, the term Apparent Life-Threatening Events (ALTE) was proposed and was gra dually incorporated into the clinical approach of these patients, allowing to determine risks, attribute causes, and perform specific treatments. However, this led to studies and hospitalizations considered unnecessary in many cases, increasing health costs. For this reason, the concept of Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (BRUE) was created, in order to reduce the subjectivity of the event and focus a management strategy according to the risk determination. This article analyzes the differences bet ween ALTE and BRUE according to international and Chilean consensus, deepening the approach and incorporating relevant considerations for the daily clinical practice with infants who present a BRUE.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Brief, Resolved, Unexplained Event/diagnosis , Brief, Resolved, Unexplained Event/therapy , Terminology as Topic , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Risk Assessment , Consensus , Medical History TakingABSTRACT
Background The diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is based on nocturnal records: polysomnography or respiratory polygraphy. However, their high costs limit their use. Aim To examine the predictive value of three sleep questionnaires (STOP, STOP-Bang, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in the screening of OSAS in Chilean adults. Material and Methods During the National Health Survey 2016/17, 205 adults aged 50.7 ± 15.0 years (46% males) living in the Metropolitan Region answered sleep questionnaires and underwent an ambulatory respiratory polygraphy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and receiver operating characteristic curves of sleep questionnaires were calculated. Results Fifty nine percent of participants had OSAS which was moderate to severe in 26%. The clinical variables associated with OSAS were age, male gender, hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight, cervical and waist circumferences, history of regular snoring and witnessed apneas. Daytime somnolence, insomnia and unrefreshing sleep were not associated to OSAS risk. STOP, STOP-Bang and ESS questionnaires classified 64%, 71% and 12% of cases as high risk for OSAS, respectively. The STOP and STOP-Bang questionnaires had the highest sensitivity to predict OSAS (76% and 89%, respectively) while the ESS had the highest specificity (91%). Conclusions The sleep questionnaires allowed to identify the subjects at high risk for OSAS in this sample of adults from the Metropolitan Region.